Survey of Physiochemical Parameters & Heavy Metals Content Borehole Water in Damaturu Metropolis Yobe State Nigeria

Abstract

Ten (10) samples of Boreholes water at random from various locations including their coordinate location in Damaturu metropolis of Yobe State were collected and analyzed for Assessments of physicochemical elements and parameters including pH, turbidity, Dissolved oxygen, Copper, Cadmium, Chromium, Chloride, Fluoride, Iron, and Nitrate were analyzed. The samples were drawn with 750ml containers and transport to the research laboratory and stored in refrigerator for preservation, a five (5) different device has been used when the physical parameter was physically observed like colour, odour and test of the sample while temperature, Turbidity, conductivity and pH was determined using thermometer, Turbid meter, conductivity meter and pH scale respectively, The samples were analyzed using digital colorimeter for the determination of nitrates, fluorides and other metals while digital spectrophotometer was used for the determination of lead, iron and chromium. The heavy metal concentrations were then extrapolated from the standard calibration curve. The results obtained of chlorine content at higher rate is 0.36mg/L at malari 2 borehole water and lowest content rate is 0.14mg/L at sabon pegi 1 borehole water that are all conformity with the W.H.O standard. The amount of chromium content in the samples Ajaari has the high rate of 0.03mg/L while Malari 1 borehole water borehole has the lowest rate of 0.01mg/L are all accordance with the standard. The iron concentration of 0.29mg/L at higher rate from Nyanya 2 borehole water and 0.06m/L at lowest rate from Sani Daura Ahmed, almost all the samples has higher value than the W.H.O specification of drinking water. The nitrate concentration is 26.27m/L at higher rate from Nyanya 1 borehole and 3.55mg/L at lowest rate from Ali Marami, all the samples has higher values of nitrate that are above the standard which can cause health impact to humans. The fluorine concentration has the same range value of 0.14mg/L throughout and are below the limit of W.H.O specification of drinking water. Copper content in drinking water from Ali Marami, Ajari, Sani Ahmed Daura, and Malari 1 borehole water have the same range of 0.01mg/L, while the rest has the value of 0.15Mg/L. All the water samples are slightly lower than W.H.O standard. Cadmium content Ali Marami has 0.09mg/L is greater than the standard and Nyanya,Sani Ahmed Daura and Sabon Pegi has 0.00mg/l while the rest borehole has 0.07mg/L equally which is below the limits. The pH content range, Sabon pegi 2 water borehole has a pH range of 7.78mg/L as the highest range and Ajaari borehole water has the lowest range of pH range of 6.59mg/L, pH values of difference water samples analysis are in accordance with the W.H.O standard. At turbidity was lower in all the borehole water samples, D.O of the water sample is also below the standard. The parameters analyzed most generally conform to the W.H.O standard for drinking water.