Fane-Fane International Multi-Disciplinary Journal

Mr Osmopriming and Hormonal Priming Combined Improve Germination and Seedling Growth of Rice Var. FARO44

LAWAN GANA ALI, Rabiu Sabo, Rabiu Sabo — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 03:41:53 -0500

Osmopriming and hormonal priming have been practiced by farmers to stimulate fast germination and seedling growth of many crop species. In this study, laboratory experiments were carried out to examine the effect of combined osmopriming with potassium nitrate and hormonal priming with salicylic acid to promote germination and seedling growth of FARO44 rice.

In the laboratory, FARO44 rice seeds soaked in 5 % KNO₃+200 mM SA and 2.5% KNO₃+350 mM SA were germinated in specimen bottles for two weeks. Each treatment was replicated five times. The results revealed that combined osmopriming and hormonal priming with 5% KNO₃+200 mM SA and 2.5% KNO₃+350 mM SA had significantly improved germination index and decreased mean germination time of FARO44 rice compared to control. However, germination percentage had not been improved considerably compared to control. However, there were no marked differences in GI and MGT between 5% KNO₃+200 mM SA and 2.5% KNO₃+350 mM SA osmoprimed and hormonal primed rice. Moreover, the results indicated that combined osmo-hormonal priming with 5% KNO₃+200 mM SA and 2.5% KNO₃+350 mM SA had increased seedling growth, seedling vigour and biomass of FARO44 rice seedlings. However, plumule length of FARO44 rice seedlings was not affected by these processes compared to control.

A Linguistic Stylistic Analysis of Muhammadu Buhari's Democracy Day Address in June 2022

Suleiman Abubakar, Fatima Abba Sale, Maimuna Yusuf Sule — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 03:58:14 -0500

This study is aimed at presenting and analyzing the Democracy Day Address in June 2022 by the former President Muhammadu Buhari stylistically. Literatures were reviewed which constitutes the published and unpublished materials that are relevant to the work such as; Mala (2015) and Abubakar S. (2016). The theoretical framework adopted for the study is that of Crystal and Davy (1969). The research findings include: graphitic/graphological deviation, phonological level the rhyming fairs of sentences, lexeme/semantic level. Syntactic brevity, lexical cohesion, epithet, coordination, synonyms, antonyms, lexical organization, sentence analysis and finally summary of the whole works involved in the study, conclusion and bibliography respectively.

Mr Potassium nitrate, Silicon dioxide and Salicylic acid Mediation Increase Seedling Growth, Biochemical Attributes and Protective Enzymes Activities of Rice (Oryza sativa) var. FARO44 Under Drought

LAWAN GANA ALI, Rabiu Sabo, Abubakar Haruna — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 04:05:01 -0500

Application of potassium nitrate, silicon dioxide and salicylic acid to seed are approaches that impart stress tolerance to germinating seeds and seedlings under stressful conditions. This study evaluated the effects of synergistic osmopriming and hormonal priming with 2.5% KNO₃+3.5% SiO₂, 3.5% SiO₂+1 mM SA and 2.5% KNO₃+1 mM SA on seed germination, seedling growth, antioxidant enzymes, protein, proline and malondialdehyde contents in 3-weeks old FARO44 rice seedlings under drought conditions induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG6000). Germination experiments were laid in a completely randomised design (CRD) with each treatment replicated five times. The results revealed that synergistic priming significantly seedling growth, antioxidant enzymes catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in rice seedlings by 2 folds compared to unprimed seedlings under drought. Synergistic effect of priming methods improved protein and proline contents in rice seedlings while decreased malondialdehyde content. Osmopriming and hormonal priming with 2.5% KNO₃+3.5% SiO₂, 3.5% SiO₂+1 mM SA and 2.5% KNO₃+1 mM SA showed different responses, however, they were found to be effective in enhancing germination, seedling growth, antioxidant enzymes’ activities and biochemical attributes in rice seedlings under drought. Enhanced antioxidant enzymes’ activities, proline content and decreased malondialdehyde content in rice seedlings correlate with improved drought tolerance. Therefore, pre-soaking of FARO44 in 2.5% KNO₃+3.5% SiO₂, 3.5% SiO₂+1 mM SA or 2.5% KNO₃+1 mM SA is recommended for faster germination, growth of seedlings and drought tolerance in arid ecosystems.

An Assessment of Phonological Difficulties Faced by The Students of English Language: A Case Study of English Department College of Education and Legal Studies Nguru.

Suleiman Abubakar, Maimuna Yusuf Sule, Yakawu Bukar Sheriff — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 04:11:25 -0500

This study is designed to find out some Phonological Difficulties faced by the students of English Language in Department of English Language College of Education and Legal Studies Nguru. The objectives of the study and its significance were highlighted. Related literatures were reviewed to give the researchers an insight into the work of others in the area of study. Works of Bulakarima (2001) and Grema (2004) were reviewed. The data collected was analyzed using tabular method. Based on the findings, it was discovered that Phonological difficulties affected the academic performances of students. Also the table shows the different performances and the results of the sound productions of the students. Last but not the least suggestions have been given at the end of this research which might help to improve some of the problems that the students of English encounter.

Assessing N-Health and N-Teach Components of the N-Power Program On Youth Empowerment in Bauchi State

Jibrin Ahmed, Hindatu Yerima Maigari, Naziru Mohammed Musalli — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 04:19:50 -0500

The study assess the impact of the N-Health and N-Teach Component of the N-Power in Bauchi State, the objective of the study is to assess the impact of N-Health component of the N-Power on youth empowerment, assess the impact of N-Teach component of N-power on youth empowerment. This study employed the Survey research design which is a quantitative. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information from the selected respondents within Bauchi State. The population for the study comprise of the total N-Power Beneficiaries in Bauchi State, the total Population of the Study therefore is Fifteen thousand and thirty-three (15,033), (N-Power Guide, 2017). 389 sample was selected using probability sampling, in which simple random sampling technique will be used, Descriptive method of data analyses was use to analyze the data for this research, The findings of the study revealed that the N-power Teach Programme was found to have reduced unemployment and poverty level among the youth because it has created job opportunity to the youth across Bauchi. The study concluded that N-Power Health had improve the capacity of Youths to engage in Pharmaceuticals business. Also N-Teach beneficiaries of the N-Power were also empowered to engaged in entrepreneurial activities and to some extent took a carrier in the Teaching profession. nevertheless the N-Health program had opened opportunities for youth to create job for their selves by engaging in farming activities. based on this the study recciomended the following; Government, at the various levels (federal, state and local) should give priority to youth empowerment and stop paying lip service to youth empowerment. Youth empowerment programmes, projects and policies must be based on scientific studies and not by rule of thumb. This will enable the schemes to have predetermined and measuring goals as outcomes. There is need to urgently review the educational sector/system to enhance the national and global competitiveness of our youths who are products of the educational system of the country

WATER QUALITY AS INDEX OF HEALTHY AQUATIC LIFE: A REVIEW

ABUBAKAR HARUNA — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 04:30:44 -0500

Abstract

Industrial effluent and poor waste management among other anthropogenic activities affect water quality. Incessant discharge of untreated effluent and sewage, metal and microplastic scraps dumping and processing, local dyeing and tanning, atmospheric deposit, and excessive use of agrochemicals continue to contaminate the surrounding environment with toxic heavy metals. These toxicants persist in aquatic environments and cause harmful effects on non-target organisms including fish. Water Pollution matters due to its effect on the environment on which we depend. Destroying the environment ultimately reduces the quality of our own lives. Portable water is a vital commodity for human life and survival. We must consume it to stay alive and use it to clean our food, utensils, clothes, bodies, and surroundings to prevent disease. Unfortunately, this same water is responsible for several diseases, especially in developing countries. The article reviewed relevant literature and provided an overview of these contaminants' effect on aquatic biota. Bio-indicators of heavy metals toxicity that induce alterations in fish physiology were discussed; these include haematology, antioxidant enzyme activities, histology, and growth performance. Violation of environmental regulations and failure of environmental regulatory agencies to abate environmental protection laws exacerbate the situation.

Information need for rice farmers and Agricultural development in Yobe state Nigeria

Ismail Ahmed Mohammed — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 04:50:57 -0500

Abstract

The study investigated the information needs for rice farmers and Agricultural development in Yobe state Nigeria. It also represents an attempt to establish the nature of information resources which the rice farmers used to improve their production. In part of this study some important element from which the chapter was built were captured such as background to the study which dealt with meaning and significance of information, meaning of information needs from the perspective of conscious and unconscious needs, meaning of information use, farming as well as rice farming; it also stated the problem from which the research topic (title) was build, research objectives were also captured. The study reviewed concepts as well as literature related to this study. Quantitative research methodology using questionnaire as the main instrument for collecting data was used and research technique used is the descriptive survey research design in form of cross-sectional method. The population of the study is twenty one thousand four hundred (21,400) out of which 17,200 respondents from fourteenth L.G.As sampled was used by the researcher in this study, hence 377 was drawn as sample size of the study. Data collected via questionnaire was tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics. For descriptive data, table, frequency distribution, percentages was used to organize and summarize the data through the use of SPSS version 16.0. The findings of the study indicated that: information on irrigation, best seeds, insecticides and diseases control weather conditions, as well as agricultural credits or loans were the most prominent information needed by the rice farmers. The findings of the study also indicated that rice farmers used family and parents, personal experiences as the most preferred information sources. The study established the extent to which the available information sources and resources used by the respondents. The result revealed that (132:41.0%) used to the large extent. The findings also revealed that the respondents’ level of satisfaction in the use of information sources and resources was satisfactory. The respondents also pointed out lack of electricity, financial problems and lack of available information sources and resources as the major challenges associated with their information needs and use. The respondents further suggested several recommendations on addressing the challenges hindering the rice farmers in accessing their agricultural information.

Studies on the storage stability of dried food (onion) in glass and plastic packaging materials

Ahamad Tijjani Halliru, Mohammed Audu, Abubakar Dauda Sarawa — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 05:56:42 -0500

The study on the storage stability of dried food specifically onion was conducted by slicing and drying fresh onion and packaged in glass and plastic packaging materials and stored. The samples were tested for microbial growth weekly from week 0 - 8. The results shows that dried foods stored in both glass and plastic were within acceptable range. But, the glass was found to be more effective than plastic because the samples packaged in glass were found with low microbial load than the samples stored in plastic. The result shows that dried foods can be packaged and stored for eight weeks and still have acceptable quality.

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN WATER, SEDIMENT AND FISHES OF GEIDAM RIVER, YOBE STATE, NIGERIA

ABUBAKAR HARUNA — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 05:59:50 -0500

ABSTRACT

The heavy metal pollution of aquatic ecosystems is one of the main environmental issues. The health of humans, biodiversity, and the environment are all negatively impacted by heavy metals. This study assessed the levels of heavy metals (Arsenic, Chromium, Cadmium, Copper, and Zinc) in the Geidam River's sediments, water, and two fish species, Catfish (Clarius gariepinus), and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The study spans from February to August 2020. Five sampling stations were designed based on the ecological and anthropogenic impact of the river. Field and laboratory investigations were conducted using standard protocols. The results revealed that As, Cr, Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations in fish ranged from 0.000 mg/g to 0.930 mg/g, while sediment concentrations ranged from 0.011 mg/g to 2.600 mg/g and in water 0.04mg/L to 0.90mg/L. In the fish various organs, liver, and gills of tilapia and catfish show significant variations (P<0.05) in Zn and Cd between seasons. Zn and Cd were found to be statistically significant in water samples (p<0.05). All of the heavy metals discovered were above USEP/FMH/WHO standards. The findings highlight the need for an ecosystem-based strategy for river management that would ultimately reduce aquatic pollution, which poses a risk to public health for those who consume aquatic resources contaminated with heavy metals.

Re-examining the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Nigeria: Recent Evidence from ARDL Model

Ali Kole, Shettima Alhaji Umar, Abba Muktar, Abdullahi Mustapha Geidam — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 06:05:43 -0500

This study re-examines the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in Nigeria over the 1980-2021 period. Applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the estimated result shows the long-run co-movement of the variables included in the model. However, the model fails to support the EKC inverted U-shaped hypothesis during the study period. The long-run estimates found that increase in Gross Domestic Income, Trade integration and GDP growth will significantly lead to reduction in CO₂ emissions. Meanwhile, increase in urbanization growth and population growth will significantly result to increase in CO₂ emissions in the long-run. The result of population growth on CO₂ emissions is quite alarming, thus, the study recommends for government intervention in collaboration with private sector to ensure smooth transition to a cleaner technology with a view to curb the environmental pollutants thereby achieving the sustainable development goal.

The

YusufAbdulsalam, Modu Bulama Buni, Baba Mohammed — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 06:12:08 -0500

AbstractThe aim of this study is to examine the impact of audit committee attributes on the financial reporting quality of listed insurance companies in Nigeria. The research employed an ex-post-facto design. Empirical analyses were conducted on 13 listed insurance companies in Nigeria over the period of 2012-2016. The proxy of the dependent variable of the study which is financial reporting quality is total accruals while the independent variables of the study were audit committee size, audit committee composition, audit committee meetings and audit committee diversity. Using ordinary least squares (OLS) multivariate regression analysis, the study observed that audit committee meeting has a negative and insignificant impact on firm financial reporting quality. Audit committee composition has a negative and insignificant impact on financial reporting quality. On the other hand, audit committee size has a positive and insignificant impact on firm financial reporting quality. More so, audit committee diversity has positive and insignificant impact on firm financial reporting quality. The paper recommended that the board of directors of insurance companies should take measures directed towards increasing the number of audit committee size and ensure richer diversity in the audit committee. Such will have a positive impact on financial reporting quality of insurance companies. It was also recommended that policy makers like the financial reporting council of Nigeria and Securities and Exchange Commission should amend their code of corporate governance to increase the size of audit committee and encourage diversity in the composition of audit committee.

Effect of Superplaticiser in Fresh Properties of Self Compacting Concrete with Silica Fume

Hassan Laminu — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 06:25:41 -0500

Self-compacting Concrete (SCC) is a new category of concrete which flows under its own weight. It does not require any external vibration for compaction. Due to many advantages of this concrete, it is suitable for the situations where congested reinforcement is used. In this Project self-compacting concrete is developed using various percentages of silica fume,30% ,40% and 50% by weight of cement as partial replacement of cement. The rheological strength has been assessed This research presents the result of an experimental programmed that has been carried out, aimed at investigating of fresh properties of SCC contain silica fume and superplasticizer. The hardening state properties of the concrete were evaluated. Finally, some hardened state properties of the concrete were assessed, the water cement ratio was maintained 0.5 for all the mixes. Properties included workability, compressive strength, all were evaluated. The result indicated that the medium volume contain of silica fume can be used in SCC to produce good strength concrete with this type of superplasticizer that originated from waste material. High absorption values are obtained with increasing amount of silica fume however almost all the specimen exhibits absorption of less than 5%. The result of mechanical properties compressive strength for 2% have shown significant performance compare with the control mixes

ISLAMIC BANKING AND FINANCE IN THE LIGHT OF MASLAHAH AND MAQASID AL-SHARI ‘AH IN MALAYSIA

RAYYANU ABDULKARIM KAITA — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 06:33:13 -0500

In Malaysia, the Islamic Banking and Financing Operation (IBFO) has successfully established as a modern Mu‘amalat product and service. The existence of IBFO is to achieve Maqasid al-Shariah that is to execute its operation without involving riba or interest. Today, Malaysia has become the largest player in the contribution of IBFO along with Saudi Arabia. Malaysia also plays an important role in the development of IBFO, especially in introducing the new product of IBFO. However, some Syariah principles of IBFO products are still disputed among Islamic scholars. Therefore, this study aims to critically discuss and examine four Islamic banking and financing (IBF) principles such as Bai’ al- ‘Inah, al-Tawarruq, Bai’ Bi Thaman Ajil, and Murabahah. Some Muslim communities could not understand these Islamic, banking principles unless they are based on the mechanism of Maslahah and Maqasid. Perhaps these mechanisms might be able to illustrate how the operations can fulfill the Muslim’s needs in financing and banking. Perhaps this study also might be able to provide a clear explanation of IBFO that will lead the Islamic banking system and will continue in offering Shariah-compliant products and services to Muslims and non-Muslims

Mohammed Zannah

Mohammed Zannah Yunusari — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 06:39:04 -0500

ABSTRACT

This study has investigated the nexus between entrepreneurship development centres and employment generation in some higher institution in Yobe state. Yobe state is choose because of over depending of people on government employment than self-employment via some training in skill development centres in the state. The study employed quantitative method. The population of the study was 530 students of skill development centre/entrepreneurship development centre, of various higher institution of the state. questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. The instrument was personally administered by the researcher and some research assistant employed and retrieved back and analysed using descriptive statistic and Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS). The study found that the skill development centres has enough qualified and trained personnel and facilities. The trainee was only limited to some trade/skill, this mandate some trainee to go for trade which is not of their interest. This shows that the training centre are giving training to eligible youth in the state which lead to employment and economic growth. The finding recommends government and non-governmental organisations to establish more skill centres, provide tool to the trained youth to put in practice the skill gained at the centre.

Firm-Level Determinants, Ownership Structure and Dividend Policy of Listed Non-Financial Firms in Nigeria

Alhaji Ali Tijjani, Wakil Gana KAfiya — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 06:48:52 -0500

Researchers and policy makers in both developed and developing economies have acknowledged the vital roles play by corporate dividend policy in enhancing shareholders wealth. Although there is a growing number of studies on corporate dividend policy, the present study is strategically designed to observe the moderating effects of industry munificence on the relationship between firm level determinants and ownership structure on dividend policy of listed non-financial firms in Nigeria. The study employed a quantitative research approach and utilised data from 62 non-financial listed firms on the Nigerian Stock Exchange for the period between 2008 and 2017. The data collected were analysed through the aid of static and dynamic model which is Pooled Ordinary Least Squares. Remarkably, firm level determinants and ownership structure significantly influence dividend policy. In general, these findings provide an alternative framework for investors and stock market participants to improve their investment decisions. On the other hand, it will equally enhance board members understanding on which firm level determinants and ownership structure variables are more influential in developing and implementing firms’ dividend policy, since effective and efficient dividend policy maximises shareholders’ wealth.

PRO-GOVERNMENT MILITIAS IN COUNTERINSURGENCY IN NORTHEAST NIGERIA: ROLES AND OPERATIONAL CHALLENGES

MODU LAWAN GANA, MUKTAR BASHIR HALLURU — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 07:50:00 -0500

ABSTRACT: The intensification of the insurgent hostilities of the Islamic fundamentalist in northeast Nigeria since 2009 have witnessed the deliberate mobilization of community based militia groups in the counterinsurgency operation. The militia that are in support of the government and the security agencies were largely armed with mundane weapons but yet lacks technical training of armed warfare and military combat of confronting the highly equipped rivals. However, since their participation, they allegedly succeeded to reduce both attack frequencies and fatalities from both the public and state security sides. Identifying with successes, most communities in the northeast pointed out the militias as indefatigable warriors. This study therefore investigated through qualitative case approach the roles and the operational challenges of the militias in the counterinsurgency operation. The qualitative data was collected through in-depth face to face interview with key informants involving both community members, the militia participants and local authorities in the northeast. The study confirmed the incredible roles of the militia in the combat operation. Equipped with their terrain knowledge of physical and topographic structure of the northeast coupled with their vital human intelligence function such as personal knowledge of the insurgent fighters, collaborators and local supply routes, they successfully the counter the insurgent rebellion. Others are the financial and insurance issues, shelter and training among the challenges bedeviling the militia operation.

POVERTY, PROGRAMMES, YOUTH, GOVERNMENT, STRATEGIES

shettima Alhaji umar, Modu Lawan Gana — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 08:27:09 -0500

The menace of poverty and its consequential effects on the State and the citizenry is much alarming in most part of Nigeria and Yobe State inclusive. Whereas extensive effort exists among government, non-governmental and other development partners in curbing worrisome situations executed through concerted developmental projects and programmes. In most respect, the perennial efforts of the governments and non-governmental groups in combating the poverty has yield less as the incidence continued to manifest both in the social and political livelihood of the vast majority of the population. This study thus investigated the perceptions of the citizens toward the strategies and programmes adopted to cushion the effect of the poverty among youth in Yobe state. The study is designed on a survey approach with which data was collected through structured questionnaire administered on 100 participants that were scientifically selected through probability approach. The data revealed an inefficiency of poverty alleviation programmes in curtailing the poverty crisis in the state. Others are poor technical knowledge of programmes, improper selections of beneficiaries, politicization of programmes, lack of awareness and non-inclusion of target beneficiaries in decision processes among other reasons undermining the successes of the programmes. The study recommends that government and development partners should prioticise the bottom –top approach to their decision processes. Thorough public and community awareness campaigns should be taken before any mobilization of programmes.

Corruption and Poverty Indices: Threats to the Attainment of Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria

Sadiq Maimodu, Al-Hasan Ibn Abu-Bakr Sultan, Muhammed Girgir, Abba Muktar — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 10:56:28 -0500

Corruption hinders a nation from economic prosperity. It gives birth to poverty and deterioration of national development. Since independence, Nigerian political scene has been fraught with enormous corruptionn cases by the political elites, who have impoverished the nation. Based on these insinuations, this paper examines the level of correlation between corruption and poverty indices as it poses threat to the attainment of sustainable development of Nigeria. With regards to the methodology, the paper is qualitative in nature. The researchers also used “Structural Functionalist Theory” as the tool of analysis. Secondary source of data collection, which involves the use of journals, textbooks, periodicals and other relevant materials, was also used for the study. Therefore, this paper attempts to establish a correlation between corruption and poverty indices as it poses threat to the attainment of sustainable development goals in Nigeria. The study recommends that, the religious leaders such as the Malams and Pastors have fundamental roles to play in the fight against corruption in Nigeria because they are role models who can bring about positive changes in the society. The fight against corruption is not only the responsibility of the government alone as the traditional leaders and the masses.

ASSESSEMENT OF PEOPLES’ PERCEPTION TOWARDS MICROFINANCE BANKS (MFBs) LOANS DELIVERY IN YOBE STATE, NIGERIA

AUDU SANI, AUDU SANI , AUDU SANI , Mustapha Kyari — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 11:10:29 -0500

AbstractThis study will assess the peoples’ perceptions on microfinance banks loans delivery in Yobe state, Nigeria with a view of improving the life quality, living conditions and government effectiveness on microfinance development of Yobe state. The study employed multi-stage random sampling techniques to selects 300 respondents from the three (3) senatorial zones of Yobe state where 100 respondents per senatorial zone per local government area.. The Local Government areas selected are: Damaturu (Zone A), Potiskum (Zone B) and Jakusko (Zone C). A descriptive statistics for socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and the binomial logistic regression (logit) model was used to analyse the extent and the determinants of peoples’ perception on microfinance banks loans delivery in the study area. The study revealed that household size, Monthly Income, Loan repayment terms and Socio-cultural factors (0.0217, 3.7777, 0.2263 and 0.3153) respectively are directly significant with peoples’ perception on microfinance banks loan delivery while Age of the household head in years, Marital status, Loan Processing Period, Loan approval time, Loan interest rate, Proximity of Banks branches (-0.0038, -0.0993, -0.0665, -0.0759, -0.2177 and -0.0006) respectively are inversely significant with the dependent variable. The research therefore recommends that the government should provide holistic and comprehensive approach toward establishments of more microfinance bank in Yobe state in particular and Nigeria by extension and also the government at all levels should provide wide awareness and campaign on the importance of Microfinance Banks and among others.

AN ASSESSMENT ON IMPACT OF CUSTOMER INFORMATION FOR IMPROVED BUSINESS OPERATION IN BANKING ORGANIZATION IN NIGERIA

Mon, 27 Nov 2023 11:16:51 -0500

Abstract

Customer Information systems have become an important aspect of every corporate organization, especially the banking industry in improving business operations, planning process and the prospect of achieving organizational goals and objectives. The enormous number of customers making planning and executing their needs time consuming thereby leading to inefficiency. In order to tackle this challenge, it becomes imperative to introduce customer information systems into the management of the organization so as to meet customer’s needs. This study uses field survey responses from residents of Damaturu to empirically examine the relationship of customer information systems in customer’s satisfaction. Simple percentage and Chi-square statistical method were used to analyze the data. However, the result of the study clearly indicated that customer’s information systems is a better strategic approach in improving business operations; hence the management of every organization is embracing customer information system. The study recommended that customer information system is largely of good use in the banking industry as well as other industries, therefore other organizations should work on incorporating it into their operations. Furthermore, the users of electronic systems are young- educated and interested to use any new technology. The bank should be updating and modifying the products.

The

Baba Alhaji Umar; Ibrahim Sani, Musa Wakil Bara, Ibrahim Sani, Musa Wakil Bara — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 11:35:18 -0500

*Corresponding author: babazobi@hotmail.com
Unity is the key for national security which is in turn the key for national development. Unity is the major single entity that Governmental is trying to avail since the independence of Nigeria in 1960. Even though there are many measures that the government introduced to promote unity among the diversified population of Nigeria, the lingering unity still faces challenges in many aspect ranging from religion to sectionalism. The recent emergence of social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter has made it easier for the citizens to express their ideas and opinions on national matters. The user’s opinions became a field of interest to researchers. As a result, researchers have classified users’ opinions as either Positive, Negative or Neutral. Each Class of opinion has impact on the post where the opinion was expressed. The major challenge for analysing user opinions on social networking sites is the volume of the data. There are currently 30 million Facebook users in Nigeria with more than 30 million posts per day. The easiest way to collect these huge data is to automate the process. This research automatically captures and classifies the opinions of Facebook users in Nigeria on selected post that on national issues, and to study the impact of their opinions towards national unity. Data were automatically collected from Facebook using Facebook Graph API Application. Naïve Bayes classifier was used to classify the user opinions. The result showed that, social media is creating wide gap among the social media users in Nigeria, and if care is no taken, it will act as threat to national unity. When the result was analysed it was discovered that most of the negative comments are from same region which shows that, opinions of Nigerians are gradually being divided.. Recommendations was given at the end of the analysis on how social media would be used to improve national unity

Exploratory Study On Socio-Economic Impact of Boko Haram Insurgency in Northern Yobe State

Sule Ahmadu, Audu Mohd Ibrahim — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 11:49:14 -0500

The Boko Haram insurgency that begun in 2009 has had a devastating consequences particularly in the North Eastern Nigeria where the crisis emanated. Several studies have reported on the general impact of the insurgency on different aspect of national life. However, each of these studies have its limitations specifically on context and methodological approaches which ultimately, provided the need for further studies to enrich existing literature. This study aimed at exploring the lived experiences of the socio-economic impact of Boko Haram insurgency in northern Yobe State, which is generally considered as one of the most affected areas by the insurgency. In doing so, the study focussed on exploring specifically on the economic, educational and health impacts in the region. In-depth interviews and focus group discussion methods were used to collect data from 20 purposely selected informants, whose ages are between 25 to 60 years and have lived in the study areas for upward of 15 years. The data collected through the interviews was coded, analysed and emerging themes from the data were identified and presented according to the research question. Major findings of the study show that the Northern Yobe State experienced both physical and psychological effects as evidenced in decline of commercial activities, destruction of health and education facilities across the affected region. At the end, based on the findings, the paper recommended for total overhaul and reinvigoration of the security apparatus as well renovation of the destroyed skills acquisition complex in the study area with the aim of mitigating the effects and fostering peace that is essential in the drive towards ensuring lasting peace in the area.

A Hybridized Early Detection, Classification and Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Using Deep Learning Algorithm

Mohammed Abubakar, Ganga Mohammed Kaana, Musa Wakil Bara, Ibrahim Sani — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 14:53:21 -0500

There is a rise in the cases of breast cancer in low income population like northern Nigeria. Breast cancer is considered as one the major killer diseases among women of child bearing age (WCBA) (Aslan et al., 2018). There have been many researches on the identification and diagnosis of breast cancer disease for decades however, some of these researches are manual based and are inefficient due to their time consumption. With the recent advancement in ICT, machine learning algorithms are used to classify images. A great achievement was made in classifying and detecting breast cancer using traditional machine learning algorithms such as Decision Tree and Artificial Neural Network (ANN).

Despite the performance of these traditional machine learning algorithms in cancer prediction and diagnosis, there are common limitations that need to be addressed. These limitations include manual feature selection, fewer number of classes in classifying tumour (usually being classified into two classes) and their inability to classify larger dataset on time. This research is aimed at improving the performance of traditional machine learning algorithms by using a Deep Learning algorithms. Deep learning algorithm gives a promising result in image classification and can therefore extend the number of classes to more than the usual two (2) and solve the problem of fewer classes.

Studies on the nutritional composition of wheat cultivars

Mon, 27 Nov 2023 15:03:25 -0500

Samples of wheat cultivars grown in Geidam north east Yobe state Nigeria which is a Sahel savanna was analysed in terms of nutritional composition and compared to imported wheat cultivars. The result shows acceptable nutrients content.

IMPACT OF PUBLIC SPENDING ON POVERTY ERADICATION IN WEST AFRICAN COUNTRIES. A PANEL COINTEGRATION APPROACH

RAYYANU ABDULKARIM KAITA — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 15:19:14 -0500

The relationship between government spending and poverty eradication in literature is still up for debate, although little is known about how government spending affects it. This study looked into how government spending in west Africa affected efforts to reduce poverty. The study included panel data collected over a 40-year period, and it was analysed using a panel ARDL Co-integration technique. Overall conclusions showed that government spending had a beneficial and considerable impact on reducing poverty in west African countries during the study's time frame. The results also showed that government spending and poverty reduction have a long-term cointegration relationship. The report advocated, among other things, that the government should intervene as much as possible through fiscal policy measures (government expenditure) to assist the success of programmes to reduce poverty in west African states.

Keywords: Government Expenditure; Poverty Eradication; Government Intervention;

Effect of Poor Power Supply On SMES Performance in Nigeria (A Case Study of Some Selected SMESs in Yobe State)

Ajiboye Dele Idris, Musa Mohammed — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 15:23:00 -0500

This study is conducted to determine the Effect of poor power supply on SMEs performance in Yobe State. The study examined power availability and alternative energy cost as the independent variables and SMEs performance as the dependent variable with the aim of assessing and examining the effects of the exogenous variables on the endogenous variable. A cross sectional survey using questionnaire was conducted on 233 managers and owners of some selected SME in Yobe State, Nigeria. The collected data was analysed with SPSS version 24 to examine and assess the statistical significance of the relevant path via correlation and regression analysis. The findings disclosed a negatively non-significant relationship between the exogenous and endogenous variables. The empirical findings of this research is anticipated of being capable of enlightening and exposing the operators of SMEs and government at large to the negative effect of poor power supply and it utilization; precisely by the SMEs; and eventually serve as feedback to SMEs operators, ministry of power and energy and the federal government at large. The study recommends that Private entrepreneurs, dedicated government agencies and local communities should start developing micro-hydropower stations and solar system; more so, the current distributional system is weak and thus, vulnerable to rain, wind and vandals. A more wind resistant burglar-proof distribution network should be installed and made operational. The study would be useful to SMEs operators cum management, organizational policy and strategies makers, the government and future researchers.

Characterisation and Thermochemical Energy Recovery Potential from Municipal Solid Waste in Gashua, Bade L.G.A. Of Yobe State, Nigeria

MOHAMMED AUDU, Ahmad Tijjani halliru, Musa Saeed Musa — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 15:31:54 -0500

Articles on Characterisation and Energy Content inherent in the MSW and other related properties required
for electricity generation were reviewed and energy potential of Gashua town municipal solid waste for
electricity generation was determined based on solid waste incineration. Composition analysis of the solid
waste samples from the dumpsite was carried out based on ASTM D5231-92 standard. The calorific value
for the MSW in Gashua was estimated and it was found that the waste has a lower heating value of
1,597.81kJ/kg which indicates the feasibility of WTE plan such as incineration to electricity production.
The electricity generation potential from MSW dumpsite show potential of 1899795.35kWh/day based on
solid waste incineration. The average electricity generation per tonne of MSW is about 546.36 kWh/tonne.
it can be concluded that: i. the annual quantity of MSW generation in Gashua was determined, ii. there is
potential for generating electricity by incineration of MSW from the dumpsite, iii. electricity generation
from MSW based on solid waste incineration would reduce total solid waste disposal, iv. there is economic
viability of generating electricity from incineration of MSW from the dumpsite at affordable tariff rate.
Furthermore, it is recommended that: i. this study helped in determining the potential for reduction in the
total amount of MSW send to landfill, the emission of methane, and GHGs from MSW disposal site in
Gashua. ii. If a WTE scheme is implemented in Gashua in accordance with the findings in this study, will
promote the development of technologist to utilize MSW as energy source in the state in general.

Determination of solar radiation Patterns for Implementing a Photovoltaic based micro grid power generation in Geidam area

Babangida Jauro Mohammed — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 16:01:05 -0500

Abstract
In this study, an assessment of solar radiation patterns for sustainable solar implementation was carried out to investigate the possibility of supplying electricity from a renewable energy-supplemented system based on PV solar system to Geidam. One of the major rural centers in Yobe state. The town despite having a population of more than 157thousand people (according to 2006 census), is yet to enjoy its own quota of the national electricity grid due to remoteness and distance from the generating stations available in the country and the environmental condition of the area that doesn’t allow poles to stay long, this makes transmission to these areas uneconomical. Because of the great need to reduce the cost of erecting poles every year, a feasibility study needs be carried out on how to supply electricity to a sampled residential load. The electric load will consists of only a primary type that is in-line with the present electricity consumption in the area.

BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM FLUTED PUMPKIN (TELFAIRIA OCCIDENTALIS) SEED OIL THROUGH KOH-CATALYSED TRANSESTERIFICATION REACTION

Samaila Audu Jovial — Tue, 28 Nov 2023 03:05:11 -0500

The global energy concern on the availability of recoverable fossil fuel reserves and the environmental problems caused by the extensive consumption of those fossil fuels, has called on considerable attention to biodiesel production as an alternative to Petro diesel worldwide. In this research the seed oil of Fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) was investigated for its viability as a feedstock for biodiesel production. The oil was extracted from the seed using petroleum ether and on a dry matter basis and found to be within 51-53%. The oil quality parameters of the seed oil were; iodine value (IV), 98.4g iodine/100g oil, peroxide value (PV), 40meq peroxide/kg oil, acid value (AV), 11.78mg KOH/kg oil, saponification value (SV), 105.19meqKOH/kg oil, free fatty acid (FFA), 5.92% of oil, specific gravity (SG), 0.90g/ml oil and kinematic viscosity, 21.21mm²/s at 30°C. The oil was transesterified using methanol and potassium hydroxide with a yield of 87.2% wt biodiesel. Fuel tests on the Telfairia occidentalis seed oil methyl ester gave a high cetane number, 62.3 and a high flash point of 174°C. Other fuel properties of the biodiesel determined were cloud point, pour point, kinematic viscosity, density and calorific value and the results were; 3°C, -5°C, 2.35mm²/s, 859kgm^-3 and 12017J respectively. The same tests were conducted on diesel D2 which was used as a standard and the results obtained were as follows; flash point, 140°C, cloud point, 0°C, pour point, -2°C, kinematic viscosity, 2.65mm²/s, density, 835kgm^-3 and calorific value, 12188J. The results obtained for the biodiesel was also compared with the American and European standards for biodiesel (ASTM D6751 and EN14214) and with other investigated oils from literature and were found to fall within acceptable limits, implying that Telfairia occidentalis seed oil methyl ester could be used alone or as blends with diesel D2 in diesel combustion engines in tropical climates like Nigeria.

EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FLUTED PUMPKIN (TELFAIRIA OCCIDENTALIS) SEED OIL

Samaila Audu Jovial — Tue, 28 Nov 2023 03:13:55 -0500

This research examined the extraction and the characterization of Telfairia occidentalis seed oil. The seed was found to have moisture content of 8.29% on the average. The oil was extracted from the seed using petroleum ether and on a dry matter basis, and the oil content was within 51-53%. The oil quality parameters of the seed oil were; specific gravity (SG), 0.90g/ml oil, iodine value (IV), 98.4g iodine/100g oil, acid value (AV), 11.78mg KOH/kg oil, free fatty acid (FFA), 5.92% of oil, peroxide value (PV), 40meq peroxide/kg oil, saponification value (SV), 105.19meqKOH/kg oil and kinematic viscosity, 21.21mm2/s at 30°C. The characteristic properties of the oil compared favourably with those of domestic and commercial seed oils.

THE INVESTIGATION INTO THE FORMS OF DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP IN SOME SELECTED SPECIALISTS HOSPITALS IN YOBE STATE, NIGERIA

Mutawalli Alhaji Sule — Tue, 28 Nov 2023 03:31:30 -0500

This research work intends to examine the forms of Doctor-Patient relationship in some newly upgraded specialist hospitals in Yobe State, Nigeria. Quantitative approach was adopted in the study. The population of the study are doctors and patients of Specialist Hospital Damaturu, Specialist Hospital Geidam, Specialist Hospital Potiskum and Specialist Hospital Gashua all in Yobe State, Nigeria. Furthermore, Krejcie and Morgan (1970) sampling design for sampling size was adopted which is governed by a published sample size table used in getting the actual sample of the study and also stratified sampling method was employed in getting the respondents. The major instrument for data collection of the research work is questionnaire because it is the most popular used in social sciences (Dillma, 2000). Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in the data analysis. The findings of this study would be useful to government, social workers, researchers, NGOs, educationists, policy makers etc who will use it for policy formulation on how to improve doctor-patient relationship in our health institutions at primary, secondary and tertiary levels. The revealed this findings and among others that there are many forms of Doctor-Patient relationships (Mutual Participation Type, Guidance-Cooperation Type and Active-Passive Type) that are prevalent in the newly upgraded Specialist Hospitals in Yobe State. But the one that is more popular and acceptable is Mutual Participation Type. The study recommends that both the doctors and the patients are advice to choose the most appropriate form of Doctor-patient relationship that is prevalent in the hospitals for betterment and this is the Mutual Participation Type of relationship, also a suitable form of relationship that is enhancing Doctor-patient relationship that is prevalent in the newly upgraded specialist hospitals in Yobe State among others.

Survey on Causes of Students Mass Failure in Mathematics Senior School Certificate Examination in Yobe State, NigeriaSurvey on Causes of Students Mass Failure in Mathematics Senior School Certificate Examination in Yobe State, Nigeria

Ali Aji — Tue, 28 Nov 2023 05:44:47 -0500

The research examined the mass failure of student in SSCE mathematics as viewed by students and teachers in yobe state based on four factors namely; government cause, student cause, teachers cause and parental cause. Radom sampling techniques were used to select 500 respondents from 20 publics secondary schools in which 400 students and 100 teachers are used for the purposed of these researched from all the three zone of the yobe state, Nigeria. Statistical package for social science was used to analyse the mean of the respondents. Finding of these research revealed that Government have immensely contribute to the cause of mass failure of Mathematics which include insufficient number of teachers and qualified teachers in mathematics, lack of teaching instructional materials and over use of old curriculum. finding also shows that student, teacher and parents contribute to the cause of mass failure of students in Mathematics.

Finally, the study recommends that governments should provide adequate funding of schools and employed qualified teachers, Students should develop interest in learning of mathematics, teacher should adopt more practical and modern techniques in method of teaching and parent should monitor all academic activity of the students at home.

Comparative Analysis of Cluster and Random Tree Algorithm Based on Students Performance Outcome

Baba Sale Ahmed, Ali Baba Dauda, Mohammed Shettima — Tue, 28 Nov 2023 06:18:02 -0500

Student performance is the major tool use in determining the status of students at all levels of education. Data mining tools are nowadays used in determining the students’ performance and it is greatly helps in making analysis and decision based on the performance. This paper aims at comparing Cluster algorithm and Random/Decision Tree algorithm. Rapid miner studio is used to determine the best algorithm to determining student performance. We conducted this work in Mai Idris Alooma Polytechnic, Geidam Yobe State, where student score sheets that contains six (6) attributes and 669 tuples was used as the dataset for this work. One attribute was selected as a label attribute that determine the Student performance in case of supervised learning, while on the other hand average within centroid distance of all the clusters is measured to see closeness within performance of students. Student grade was used for determining performance of students as label attribute. The findings show that Random Tree algorithm has a higher class precision with an accuracy of about 73.73% compared to that of measures of average within centroid distance. The findings will equally help in marking a sound academic planning in future. Finally, the analysis of the results obtained will go a long way in making recommendations for future work.

AN An Assessment of Level of Ethical Leadership Practices Among Academic Staff of Yobe State University Damaturu, Nigeria

Tue, 28 Nov 2023 06:47:58 -0500

Abstract
Today’s organizations are facing the challenges of competing with each other due to globalization. Competitiveness of an organization depends on how the organization gain competitive advantage over others, and how its leaders influence their subordinates and ensure that they have a workforce with higher level of organizational commitment, which will ultimately lead to the success of organizations especially in education sector (higher educational institutions), hence, it is considered as backbone of development of any nation. This study examined the level of ethical leadership practices among academic staff of public universities in (YSU) Nigeria. Quantitative research design was used in this study, where a survey questionnaire was distributed among academic staff, total of 196 samples was used for the analysis. In order to analyze the data, statistical package for social sciences software (SPSS) version 25.0. The results indicate that ethical leadership is being practiced in YSU at a moderate level. Furthermore, organizational commitment was also perceived to be found at a moderate level. The study also found out that ethical leadership had positively and significantly influenced organizational commitment. Implication of this study is the contribution of ethical leadership practices in HEIs. Ethical leadership should therefore be applied and practiced by school leaders to improve the success of organizations and consequently improve the performance of HEIs in Nigeria.
Keywords: Ethics, Ethical Leadership, Commitment, Academics, Educational Administrators

An An Analysis of Traditional Institutions and Peace Building Case of Yobe State of Nigeria 2015-2020

Muhammad Maigari — Wed, 29 Nov 2023 13:00:44 -0500

Abstract

This study explored the role of traditional institutions in peace building in Yobe State of Nigeria, 2010-2020; it seeks to identify the causes of conflict, the roles of the traditional institutions in peace building, and the challenges faced by the traditional institutions in peace building; and proffer possible solutions and way forward to promote peace building; therefore qualitative method of data collection will be use throughout this research in achieving this secondary data will be utilize to collect from already prepaid findings of experts including written materials from published journals, articles, and internet; the study findings supported the propositions that traditional institutions played a significant role in peace building in Yobe State by way of creating awareness on peaceful co-existence among their subjects, provided relief materials to victims affected by insecurity and ensuring their return to their houses as well, as are the specific role traditional rulers played in managing conflict and ensuring lasting peace in the affected areas, it also finds out that the role played by traditional institutions in ensuring lasting peace in Local Government Area is effective, this is in the sense that majority; of the people that were displaced in the era of insurgence have been resettled in some of the communities affected by the insurgencies in the Yobe State, also individuals from the Hausa ethnic group are conducting their commercial activities in some the communities that were affected by the insurgencies among which are kasaisa village, katarko village in Yobe state. The paper concluded that the people generally acknowledged the importance of the role played by community leaders in resolving conflicts and peace building, despite the fact that some of the community leaders are corrupt and biased in their judgments. Therefore the paper recommended the following; Traditional institutions should emphasize cooperation and amicable settlement of dispute, between and among diverse ethnic and religious groups in their respective domains, Governments should also provide adequate security personnel, police outposts, arm and ammunitions, as well as patrol vehicles in various chiefdoms in the affected areas as a measure of being proactive whenever there is breakdown of conflict in the area.

Keywords: Traditional institutions, peace-building, role, Yobe State.

Printing, Fashion and Textile Industry as Viable Tools for Bridging the Developmental Gap Between Nigeria and Its Contemporaries

Ibrahim Bukar Geidam, Dalhat Ibrahim, Abba Musa Yau — Wed, 29 Nov 2023 13:46:29 -0500

The industrial sector remains a strong sector for nation economy be it developed or developing. It is a known fact that the economy of a nation will not grow fast without the inclusion of industrial sectors. It is impossible for any nation in the world to develop further without practicing industrialization. This industrialization has changed the way people live their life, and interact within the society. This paper is an attempt to look at the printing technology, fashion and textile industries as a viable tools for bridging the developmental gap. The paper concludes that to bridge developmental gap there is need for the government to embrace industrial sectors. This industrial sectors offered larger percentage of employment to the teeming youth across the country, and not only that, the sectors contribute immensely to the national GDP. It reduces the percentage rate of social vices such as thuggery and conflict. It also reduces the percentage rate of poverty level in the country. Again, the unemployment rate is always at decline level, it changes the living standard of the citizenry in the country and many positives changes. Various recommendations for bridging developmental gap were pointed out under recommendations.

Pall ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BEYOUNG PALLIATIVE: A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

Abubakar Yerima Chabbal — Wed, 29 Nov 2023 14:12:53 -0500

The recent pronouncement by the Nigerian President Bola Ahmed Tunibu to distribute palliatives packages to the citizens in order to cushion the effect of oil subsidy removal generate greater concern. The pronouncement came amidst declined in the country’s GDP to 2.51% in the second quarter of 2023 from 3.54% recorded in the same period of 2022. NBS (2023) opined that the 2023 GDP position was because of the performance of the service sector, which recorded a growth of 4.42% and contributed 58.42% to the aggregate GDP. It is widely believed by scholars’ that, national development and growth depend largely on the level of economic activities undertaken by country’s economic agents. The agents perform various economic activities in order to earn a living and channel their surplus resources into investable projects that will generate more resources for their future survival, national development and growth. Hence, any nation with a notion of subsidizing consumption rather than production is tantamount to subjecting her citizens to rent seeking, which will not assist in accelerating and motivating the production capacity of the citizens. Therefore, the decision to offer the palliatives will mean taken the Nigeria to the position of paying the oil subsidy regime. While in essence, the 2023 Appropriation Bill was pass into law the provision of the oil subsidy for only six (6) months that is from January to June 2023. In view of this rather than the present administration to offer palliatives packages, the government should have look at ways of diversifying the economic in such a way that all capable economic agents will became productive agents and contribute to both national and international markets. This will help Nigeria to have favourable foreign reserve balances, overcome negative balance of trade deficit and improve both local and global credit rating and worthiness.

A Review of significances and roles of aquatic macrophytes

Mustapha Alhaji Saleh — Mon, 04 Dec 2023 18:15:40 -0500

_{Abstract
Macrophytes are large aquatic plants belonging to taxonomically diverse groups. They are adapted morphologically, anatomically and physiologically to grow in aquatic habitats of fresh water, brackish water or sea water. This review is based on the rigorous study of literature and papers based on work done on wetlands and macrophytes. Surveys show that macrophytes form an important component in the structure and functioning of an aquatic ecosystem. They play a vital role in the sustenance of life by providing habitat, food, fodder, fiber, green manure, medicines and other useful products. They act as a bioindicator, influence water quality, perform nutrient cycling and reduce shore erosion. The work concluded that knowledge of floral diversity in any aquatic habitat is essential as each and every plant has its role in food chain and they must be documented and conserved before they become extinct without being acknowledged. Researches must be undertaken to scientifically study and extract the important constituents from unknown flora by identifying them with the help of indigenous people so that it can be further flourished for the welfare of mankind. The aim of this paper is to review the diverse roles of macrophytes and to focus on the conservation of aquatic resources and the biodiversity within them, as they not only provide various ecosystem services but are important for the livelihood and ecological balance.}

SURVEY ON CAUSES OF MASS FAILURE IN SENIOR SCHOOL CERTIFICATE ENGLISH EXAMINATIONS FROM THE PERCEPECTIVE OF TEACHERS AND STUDENTS IN YOBE STATE

Ali Aji, Muhammad Ibrahim Musa — Mon, 04 Dec 2023 18:28:13 -0500

Abstract

The research examined the mass failure of student in SSCE English Language as viewed by students and teachers in Yobe state based on four factors namely; government cause, student cause, teachers cause and parental cause. Radom sampling techniques were used to select 1000 respondents from 20 publics and 20 private secondary schools in which 800 students and 200 teachers were used for the purpose of this research from all the three zone of the Yobe state, Nigeria. Statistical package for social science was used to analyse the means of the respondents. Findings of this research revealed that Government and schools preparatory have immensely contribute to the cause of mass failure of which include insufficient number of teachers and qualified teachers in English, lack of teaching instructional materials and over use of old curriculum. findings also show that student, teacher and parents contribute to the cause of mass failure of students in English language.

Finally, the study recommends that government and schools preparatory should provide adequate funding of schools and employ qualified teachers, Students should develop interest in learning of English language, teacher should adopt more practical and modern techniques in method of teaching and parent should monitor all academic activities of the students at home.

SOCIAL MEDIA AS A TOOL FOR MARKETTING COMMUNICATION: A STUDY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES (SMEs)

Tue, 05 Dec 2023 00:00:00 -0500

ABSTRACT

SMEs embrace SMM due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and efficacy, fostering innovation and responsiveness to customer demands. SMM plays a pivotal role in fortifying economic conditions for SMEs, contingent upon supportive conditions. This research provides the advantageous potential of social media for SMEs while recognising challenges such as technological constraints impeding optimal utilisation. The study provides insights to streamline management systems, promoting growth and competitive advantages for SMEs. Recent trends indicate a noteworthy increase in SMM usage by SMEs in Nigeria, fostering business expansion and enhancing connections between SMEs and potential clients. Social CRM, an emerging technology, captures the dynamics of business engagement with stakeholders via social media for value generation. Government initiatives, incentives, and organisational advancements can further incentivise SMEs to adopt SMM. Remarkably, Financial Commitment Obligations (FCOs) do not impact SMM (H4), underscoring the necessity of a conducive environment for successful implementation.Importance of social media for marketing of product and communicating the existence of product and services to the final consumer, It will also highlight the right marketing mix to be used in marking goods and services online in the town and the study will suggest the appropriate social media networks to be used marketing of product and services base on the peculiarity of the town.

Keywords: Small and Medium Scale, Social, Media, Enterprise, Goods, Marketing, Services

Entrepreneurship: A Panacea to Absolute Poverty and Unemployment in Nigeria

Mustapha Ali — Tue, 05 Dec 2023 14:44:19 -0500

This paper examines the potentials of entrepreneurship in providing employment and security among youth in the developing world, especially in Nigeria. For the idea to succeed, there must be vibrant and consistent policies from the government and the provision of functional social infrastructures and institutions.

Economic Dualism and The Third World

Mustapha Ali, Shagari Barde Kukuri, Babagana Kachalla — Thu, 07 Dec 2023 18:51:09 -0500

This paper attempts to evaluate the mutual contradiction inherent in human societies. Inevitably, poverty and opulence tend to co-exist within same space and time at all levels of social strata. This phenomenon is often reinforced by the upper hierarchy within societies. We also attempt to seek for paradigms that could reverse the status quo. Economic dualism entails the mutual and often antagonistic coexistence of two or more exclusive entities of economic processes in a given space. It could take the form of wealthy, industrialized nations coexisting with weak, agrarian economies of the Third World countries, or rich and affluent individuals coexisting side by side with poor, malnourished masses of people. The paradigm argued that the different set of conditions of ‘superiority’ and ‘inferiority’ is a deliberate one. This co-existence is lopsided and not merely transitional.

Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Traits and Business Start-Up Intent Among Polytechnics’ Students in Nigerian (A Case Study of North-Eastern Nigeria)

Babagana Kachalla — Thu, 07 Dec 2023 18:52:40 -0500

Worldwide entrepreneurship indicators indicated that there is a desire to introduce entrepreneurship education early in polytechnics this will assist in mitigating entrepreneurship skills gap among polytechnics students. It is against the background that this study was designed to examine how skills creativity, and innovation that will contribute to effective business start-up intention of polytechnics graduates which will help them to embrace entrepreneurship early and become be self-employed to reduce the cluster of pilling up seeking for a white-collar job. The study employed descriptive survey design; 363 graduating class students constituted the study sample. Three research questions and hypotheses were developed to guide the conduct of this study. Well-designed structured questionnaire was employed to collect primary data for this research. The result was analyzed using table and percentage further multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the hypothesis, multiple regression analysis was also used to access relative predictive power of independent variables against the dependent variables. The result shows that skills, creativity and innovation have a significant positive effect on business start-up intentions among undergraduate students of selected polytechnics in North-Eastern Nigeria. Therefore, study concluded that with a more positive relationship with entrepreneurship and these variables it has a greater chance of success. The study recommended that efforts should be made by various polytechnics to create awareness and help undergraduates to have an interest in entrepreneurship all added on their curriculum to help the student master what is involved in entrepreneurship early and embrace it for better living.

Financial Access and Entrepreneurial Intentions Among Polytechnic Students in Northeast Geo-Political Zone of Nigeria

Yunusa Mohammed Kaigama, Babagana Kachalla — Thu, 07 Dec 2023 18:54:00 -0500

This study examined the influence of financial access as Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention among polytechnics students in North-Eastern Nigeria. The study was guided by three objectives. The design for the study was descriptive survey. The sample of the study comprised 396 students from nine Polytechnics in North-Eastern Nigeria. Proportionate random sampling technique was used to determine the aforementioned sample size. Structural questionnaires were adopted for data collection. The instrument was tested and reliability coefficient of 0.76 was obtained. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) was used while the hypotheses were tested using regression analysis. The study shows that financial access has great influence on students’ entrepreneurial intention. Government action also has influence on students’ entrepreneurial intention of students in polytechnics in North-Eastern, Nigeria. Based on the outcomes, it was recommended, that the students should be encouraged to embrace entrepreneurship education or training in order for them to become self-employed and wealth creators; The Government should make accessible loans available for graduates to start -up their businesses.

Spatial Distribution and Analysis of Secondary Schools in Damaturu Metropolis

Alhaji Mustapha Isah , Ishaku Ilyasu, Umar Barde — Sun, 10 Dec 2023 08:21:35 -0500

This work identifies and Mapped all secondary schools in Damaturu Metropolis through the acquisition and processing of both Spatial and attribute data. The Geographic Information System (GIS) data base for all secondary schools in the study area was created and analyzed, where the results revealed that there are total of thirty (30) secondary schools in the Metropolis which comprises of 19 Private, 9 Government and only 2 Community Secondary school as at the time of compiling this research. The used of ArcGIS 10.5 software system revealed in the analysis that the secondary Schools were clusterly sited where private secondary schools dominated the area with 63.33% where 30.00% and 6.70% were left out for government and Community secondary schools respectively. These schools were sited at 18 within and 12 outside the ring road which is 60% and 40% respectively. The Research therefore recommends that the Government should establish more secondary schools at uniform locations. So that the members of the community too can benefit.

Review of Ecological Significances and Roles of Aquatic Macrophytes

Mustapha Alhaji Saleh — Sun, 10 Dec 2023 08:25:22 -0500

Abstract
A study was carried out to evaluate the toxicity of two pyrethroid insecticides on O.niloticus juveniles. Cyperforce and kilsect were used in the study. Acute toxicity was determined using the (OECD, 1992) 96hr static method of toxicity testing. Concentrations used are 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5µg/L. The experiments were repeated 3 times for each concentration with a blank serving as a control. Bioassay results (96hr) showed that both the two pyrethroids are toxic. Data obtained was evaluated using probit analysis method and the LC50 at (p<0.05) was 1.63 and 0.58 µg/L for cyperforce and kilsect respectively. It can be concluded that the pyrethroid insecticides used (cyperforce and kilsect) were toxic to O.niloticus juveniles though there is a significant difference between the toxicity of the two with kilsect showing more toxicity.

An Improved Model for Detection of Fake News On Social Media Using Deep Learning Algorithms (A Case Study of Twitter Networking Site)

Musa Wakil Bara, Alhaji Audu Goni — Mon, 11 Dec 2023 08:48:20 -0500

Social media for news consumption is a double-edged sword. On one hand, its low cost, easy access, and rapid dissemination of information lead people to seek out and consume news from social media. On the other hand, it enables the wide spread of fake news", i.e., low quality news with intentionally false information. The extensive spread of fake news has the potential for extremely negative impacts on individuals and society. Therefore, fake news detection on social media has recently become an emerging research that is attracting tremendous attention. Fake news detection on social media presents unique characteristics and challenges that make existing detection algorithms from traditional news media ineffective or not applicable. First, fake news is intentionally written to mislead readers to believe false information, which makes it difficult and nontrivial to detect based on news content; therefore, we need to include auxiliary information, such as user social engagements on social media, to help make a determination. Second, exploiting this auxiliary information is challenging in and of itself as users' social engagements with fake news produce data that is big, incomplete, unstructured, and noisy. Traditional machine learning algorithms such as SVM and Decision Tree were used to automatically classify fake news from genuine news. The challenging part of these algorithms is their inability to extract features automatically and also they handle small datasets. In this research, we intend to use a Deep Learning method to improve the detection fake news. FactChecking tool would be used to detect the source of news on social media while CNN algorithms would be applied to detect bot accounts and fake contents.

PERCEPTION OF PATIENTS ON MEDICAL PERSONNEL ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOR TOWARDS EFFECTIVE SERVICE DELIVERY IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN YOBE STATE, NIGERIA

Alhaji Mallum Alhaji Umar , Hassan Alhaji Kyari, Hassan Alhaji Kyari — Sun, 17 Dec 2023 04:58:04 -0500

The research intended to investigate the perception of patients on medical personnel attitude and behavior towards effective service delivery in public hospitals in Yobe State, Nigeria. The issue of negative healthcare workers attitude and behavior to patients in our public hospital has become a very dominant and rampart to the extent that sometime the patient even fight or response to the healthcare workers aggressively that would result to quarrel and even beaten one another which goes contrarily to the ethics of healthcare workers profession which stated that patients need to be treated with dignity, respect, polite and friendly manner that would make the patient feel free and reveal all his/her complaints to the doctors. This research intent to collect data from five public hospitals (General Hospital Gashua, General Hospital Geidam, General Hospital Damaturu, General Hospital Patiskum and federal medical center Nguru) across the State in order to have findings generalization. Questionnaire and interview were used in data collection where three hundred and fourty eight were distributed and only three hundred and thirty-eight retrieved. Furthermore, literatures revealed that a lot of factors are responsible for negative perception towards healthcare workers by patients but none is related to proposed study area. The findings of this research will help government, health professions, academicians, policy makers and public analysts in design a policy that will help in improving doctor-patient’s attitude or relationship. Finally, kruskal-wallis test were revealed that there is significant difference between general hospital Damaturu and Geidam respectively.

EFFECT OF INSECURITY ON SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE (SMEs) OPERATIONS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF YOBE STATE, NIGERIA

Danladi Ibrahim Musa — Sun, 17 Dec 2023 05:04:41 -0500

Insecurity has negatively affecting the performance of many the Small and medium Scale enterprises in Nigeria particularly in the north-eastern part of the country. Hence, present study is design to analyze the level at which the insecurity has affected the Small and medium Scale enterprises performance indicators such as turnover, profitability, access to market and access to finance on the actual performance of SMEs. The study applied survey research instrument to collect primary data. Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM) path modeling was employed in analyzing the data. Similarly, content and face validity. Reliability and structural modelling were also examined where the validity of the instruments employed were found to be valid and reliable. Similarly, the path coefficient results showed that turnover, profitability, access to market and access to finance are positively related to business performance of SMEs.

Financial Literacy and Entrepreneurial Intentions Among Polytechnic Students in Northeast Geo-Political Zone of Nigeria

Mohammed Zanna — Sun, 17 Dec 2023 05:25:52 -0500

This research work was designed to examine the influence of financial literacy on entrepreneurial intent among polytechnic students in Nigeria. A structural questionnaire was employed to collect primary data from sample respondents. The developed research hypotheses were analyzed with aid of simple regression analysis. Results revealed that entrepreneurship education, financial attitude and financial literacy, have positive influence on students entrepreneurial Intent. It was observed that better financial knowledge rises entrepreneurial intent among students. This further suggested that for effective entrepreneurial development they must sound financial literacy. Therefore, it is recommended policy makers should enhance both entrepreneurial education and financial literacy in the Nigerian polytechnics.

Students’ Perception of Entrepreneurship Education and interest in self-reliance: Evidence from Polytechnics in Yobe State, Nigeria

Musa Mohammed, Sani Mohammed — Sun, 17 Dec 2023 08:07:13 -0500

Entrepreneurship Education emerged few decades ago as instrument through which poverty could be alleviated from amongst the Nigerian youth; by providing opportunities and ways of occupational alternatives and choices to which graduates of Polytechnic Institutions are a part. This work intends to explore the sensitivity of the Polytechnic students in the polytechnics in Yobe State, Nigeria towards entrepreneurship education in inducing venture creation after their tertiary education. The investigator collected data through questionnaire in ended opened-ended format. Random sampling was used to select respondents for the study. Data were analyzed using partial least square method and the hypotheses were tested using the structural equation model (SEM). Application soft wire applied in this study is the SmartPLS version 3.0. The study findings highlightedamong other things the lower level of practical activities, inadequate curriculum content, lack of depth treatment of the subjects, less time allocated for the subject and otherwise lecturers who teach the course are very qualified but not in entrepreneurship as a discipline as some of the factors that halt students’ interest in venture creation. This study recommends that EED curriculum be enriched and students be given lot of practical for them to appreciate very well the venture creation formula. Furthermore, expert from different field of endeavors are recommended to be hired or recruited to teach entrepreneurship education particularly the practical aspects in Nigerian Polytechnics. This will help in no small measure to blend theory of entrepreneurship with practice.

Effects of Total Quality Management on the Operational Performance of Listed Deposit Money Bank in Nigeria

Sun, 17 Dec 2023 15:51:38 -0500

This study examines the quantitative approach on the effects of total quality management on the operational performance of the listed money deposit banks in Nigeria. The study used ex-post facto technique, as the study involves the use of annual reports and accounts of listed money deposit banks in the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). The secondary information was obtained from the banks’ financial report for the period of five years from 2012 to 2016. The dependent variable is fixed assets turnover used as a substitution of operational performance while the independent variables are: outsourcing cost, training and recruitment cost and consultancy and IT cost as the substitutions of TQM. The descriptive statistics, correlation and regression statistical method of analysis were employed to test the data using Statistical Software (Stat). The result of the study showed that all the three (3) TQM practices as independent variables had an important relationship with operational performance (P<0.05). Based on the findings the study recommends that there is need for top management commitment to use the TQM as a plan. The commitment infers leading by example with provision of quality services that helps teams to improved. Since TQM procedure is a system that has collaborating mechanisms as being implored in this study, commitment to one part of the system is not likely to give the desired results.

Improving Power Quality of a grid connected PV System through the choice of MPPT algorithm for optimizing power requirement in industrial development

Hussaini Abatcha Geidam, ibrahim Babale Gahsua, Babangida Jauro Mohammed — Sun, 21 Apr 2024 06:53:30 -0400

Renewable Energy has been commercially popular since it can potentially reduce the harmful emissions from burning of fossil fuels which most traditional power generations rely on. The renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) system and wind energy system are among the preferred renewable energy technology in many countries. Photovoltaic systems in particular have greater potential for geographical locations that receive abundance sunlight throughout the year. Moreover, the PV systems can be made as a small scale power plant and installed near to the load centers, thus, being able to avoid transmission congestion and line losses. However, the efficiency of the solar PV conversion is quite low typically less than 20%. Therefore, the efficiency of the PV system is really an important concern. One of the method of improving the efficiency is through the use of maximum power point tracking (MPPT). In this respect, therefore, this paper aims to compare the two most popular MPPT algorithms to determine which of them will be the better option for a grid-connection PV power system.