ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN WATER, SEDIMENT AND FISHES OF GEIDAM RIVER, YOBE STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The heavy metal pollution of aquatic ecosystems is one of the main environmental issues. The health of humans, biodiversity, and the environment are all negatively impacted by heavy metals. This study assessed the levels of heavy metals (Arsenic, Chromium, Cadmium, Copper, and Zinc) in the Geidam River's sediments, water, and two fish species, Catfish (Clarius gariepinus), and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The study spans from February to August 2020. Five sampling stations were designed based on the ecological and anthropogenic impact of the river. Field and laboratory investigations were conducted using standard protocols. The results revealed that As, Cr, Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations in fish ranged from 0.000 mg/g to 0.930 mg/g, while sediment concentrations ranged from 0.011 mg/g to 2.600 mg/g and in water 0.04mg/L to 0.90mg/L. In the fish various organs, liver, and gills of tilapia and catfish show significant variations (P<0.05) in Zn and Cd between seasons. Zn and Cd were found to be statistically significant in water samples (p<0.05). All of the heavy metals discovered were above USEP/FMH/WHO standards. The findings highlight the need for an ecosystem-based strategy for river management that would ultimately reduce aquatic pollution, which poses a risk to public health for those who consume aquatic resources contaminated with heavy metals.